San Marino

In brief

San Marino is a country in Southern Europe. Its capital is City of San Marino. With 34,109 inhabitants in 2025, it ranks 191st in the world by population, out of the 195 countries recognised by the UN. Its area is 61 km². Landlocked, it shares land borders with Italy.

GDP per capita stands at $59,871 (2023), 19th in the world. Life expectancy at birth is 85.8 years (2024). 97% of the population lives in cities.

History of San Marino

According to tradition, San Marino was founded in 301 by Marinus, a Christian stonemason from Dalmatia. It describes itself as the oldest republic still in existence. It kept its independence from the popes, from Napoleon and through Italian unification, and sheltered Garibaldi in 1849. Two Captains Regent, elected every six months, head the state. San Marino joined the UN in 1992.

Geography of San Marino

Surrounded by Italy, near Rimini, San Marino covers about 61 km². Its capital sits on Monte Titano (739 m), crowned by three fortified towers.

Map of San Marino

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Flag of San Marino

The flag of San Marino is white, blue and green. Its official proportions are 3:4 (height to width).

• Blue46%
• White45%
• Green6%
• Yellow2%
• Orange2%

Share of the flag’s surface taken by each colour.

What the flag stands for

White and light blue, with the coat of arms: three towers on three peaks under a crown, and the motto “Libertas”. White evokes snow and clouds, blue the sky.

Sources: Wikipedia, articles “San Marino” and “Flag of San Marino”.

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Fact file

Economy and society