Luxembourg

In brief

Luxembourg is a country in Western Europe. Its capital is Luxembourg. With 686,970 inhabitants in 2025, it ranks 163rd in the world by population, out of the 195 countries recognised by the UN. Its area is 2,586 km². Landlocked, it shares land borders with Belgium, France and Germany.

GDP per capita stands at $147,252 (2025), 3rd in the world. Life expectancy at birth is 83.2 years (2024). 95% of the population lives in cities.

History of Luxembourg

Count Siegfried built a castle on the Bock rock in 963; the House of Luxembourg later gave the Holy Roman Empire several emperors. The territory then passed to Burgundy, Spain, Austria and France. Made a grand duchy in 1815 under the King of the Netherlands, it was declared neutral in 1867 and gained its own dynasty in 1890. Occupied in both world wars, Luxembourg is a founding member of Benelux, the European Community and NATO, and hosts several EU institutions.

Geography of Luxembourg

Landlocked Luxembourg combines the Oesling in the north, a wooded extension of the Ardennes, with the Gutland in the south, lower and more populated. The Moselle, lined with vineyards, forms the border with Germany.

Map of Luxembourg

Download the map (SVG)Interactive world map

Flag of Luxembourg

The flag of Luxembourg is red, white and blue. Its official proportions are 3:5 (height to width).

• Red33%
• White33%
• Blue33%

Share of the flag’s surface taken by each colour.

What the flag stands for

Red, white and blue like the Dutch flag, but with a lighter blue and a longer shape. Its colours come from the arms of the House of Luxembourg, a red lion on silver and blue stripes.

Sources: Wikipedia, articles “Luxembourg” and “Flag of Luxembourg”.

Download the flag (SVG) All 33 red, white and blue flags All the flags of the world

Fact file

Economy and society