Georgia

In brief

Georgia is a country in Western Asia. Its capital is Tbilisi. With 3.9 million inhabitants in 2025, it ranks 128th in the world by population, out of the 195 countries recognised by the UN. Its area is 69,700 km². It shares land borders with Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia and Türkiye.

GDP per capita stands at $9,692 (2025), 85th in the world. Life expectancy at birth is 74.7 years (2024). 61% of the population lives in cities.

History of Georgia

The ancient kingdoms of Colchis, land of the Golden Fleece in Greek mythology, and Iberia preceded the conversion to Christianity in the 4th century. Georgia had its golden age in the 12th and 13th centuries under Queen Tamar. Later fought over by the Mongols, Persians and Ottomans, it was annexed by Russia in 1801. Independent from 1918 to 1921 and then Soviet, it became independent again on 9 April 1991. Abkhazia and South Ossetia have been outside its control since the wars of the 1990s and 2008. Wine has been made here for about 8,000 years.

Geography of Georgia

Georgia lies between the Greater Caucasus in the north, where Shkhara rises above 5,000 m, and the Lesser Caucasus in the south. The west, on the Black Sea, is humid and subtropical; the east is drier.

Map of Georgia

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Flag of Georgia

The flag of Georgia is red and white. Its official proportions are 2:3 (height to width).

• White64%
• Red36%

Share of the flag’s surface taken by each colour.

What the flag stands for

The “five-cross flag”: a large red St George’s cross on white, with four small red crosses in the corners. Of medieval origin, it was adopted in 2004.

Sources: Wikipedia, articles “Georgia (country)” and “Flag of Georgia (country)”.

See also: flags with a cross.

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Fact file

Economy and society